Features and outcomes of rectal cancer patients treated in a hospital in Bogotá, Colombia: a retrospective cohort study.

Rectal cancer is an increasing disease worldwide. The outcomes of its treatment are related to the preoperative characteristics of the patient. The objective of this study was to describe sociodemographic, clinical and surgical characteristics and outcomes of patients operated on for rectal cancer at Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi (HUM) during the period within 2013-2017.A retrospective descriptive cohort-type study was carried out by consulting the clinical records of patients above the age of 18 years with a clinical/histopathological diagnosis of rectal cancer and an institutional follow-up in those who underwent surgery with laparoscopic anterior resection of the rectum carried out by the coloproctology service of the HUM between 2013 and 2017. For statistical analysis, the SPSS V22 program was used.Data from 133 patients were collected during the study period, most of them male, with more frequent involvement of the lower rectum. Complications occurred in 25% of the patients. Conversion rate to open surgery was 8.6%, in-hospital death was associated with cardiovascular comorbidity, corticosteroid uses and with the presence of complications. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients were similar to the world population. The institution has a low prevalence of anastomotic dehiscence, global complications are comparable with international statistics.

Post-polypectomy syndrome-a rare complication in colonoscopy procedures: a case report.

Post-polypectomy syndrome (PPS) is a complication that may arise after some colonoscopy procedures that require electrocoagulation, due to a transmural burn, which irritates the serous membrane. Its clinical presentation is similar to the one of intestinal perforation, but it has a favorable prognosis, and does not require surgical treatment. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with a polyp in the ascending colon, who was admitted for an endoscopic resection. After the procedure, she complained of nausea, emesis and abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. She was transferred to the emergency department. An abdominal tomography showed cecal wall thickening without pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, the diagnosis of PPS was made and was managed with bowel rest, parenteral fluids and antibiotics, with full recovery. Despite of its low incidence, it is important to suspect this syndrome to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment and initiate medical management right away.

Absceso hepático por Enterobius vermicularis como diagnóstico diferencial de metástasis hepática en cáncer colorrectal, reporte de caso / Liver Abscess Caused by Enterobius vermicularis as a Differential Diagnosis for Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer, Case Report

Resumen Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal es la cuarta causa de mortalidad asociada con cáncer en el mundo. La identificación de las metástasis de este tumor en el momento prequirúrgico es cada vez más frecuente por los estudios imagenológicos con los que se cuenta en la actualidad. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con infección por Enterobius vermicularis que simula la presencia de metástasis hepáticas. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina proveniente del área rural, con dolor abdominal de 1 año de evolución asociado con hemorragia de vías digestivas bajas y pérdida de peso. Las imágenes y estudios endoscópicos muestran una lesión tumoral en el colon sigmoide con biopsias que reportan adenocarcinoma de colon sigmoides, además de lesiones hepáticas sugestivas de malignidad. Se llevó a resección anterior de recto y sigmoides con anastomosis alta y toma de biopsias hepáticas, que descartaron la malignidad e informaron la presencia de infección hepática por E. vermicularis. Discusión: La infección por E. vermicularis a nivel hepático presentada en el caso es poco frecuente, dicha infección puede simular la presencia de metástasis hepáticas, por lo cual debe tenerse en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial de enfermedad metastásica de cáncer colorrectal.

Abstract Introduction: colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The identification of the metastases of this tumor in the preoperative stage is increasingly frequent due to the imaging studies currently available. We present the case of a patient with an infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis that simulates the presence of liver metastases. Case presentation: a female patient from a rural area showing a one-year abdominal pain evolution associated with lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding and weight loss. Endoscopic imaging and studies displayed a tumor lesion in the sigmoid colon, with biopsies reporting sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma and liver lesions suggesting malignancy. Anterior resection of the rectum and sigmoid was performed with high anastomosis and liver biopsies, which ruled out malignancy and reported the presence of liver infection by E. vermicularis. Discussion: in this case, the hepatic E. vermicularis infection was rare. This infection can simulate the presence of liver metastases; therefore, it should be considered a differential diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Anal canal lymphoma: Case report and literature review / Linfoma de canal anal, reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Abstract Introduction: Primary tumors of the anal canal other than carcinomas are rare entities; among them, anal canal lymphomas are extremely unusual and pose both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the coloproctologist. Case presentation: A male patient with positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with proctalgia and mass sensation at the perianal level. A concentric thickening of the walls of the lower rectum was documented by magnetic resonance imaging, with colonoscopy and biopsies with histopathology compatible with plasmablastic lymphoma. Therefore, a diverting colostomy was performed and, subsequently, the hematology service indicated chemotherapy with the EPOCH scheme. Discussion: Lymphoma of the anus represents 0.2 % of anorectal tumors, most of these are non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; Hodgkin's disease at the anorectal level is even rarer. The population with the highest risk of this entity is HIV-positive patients, such as the patient in this case, although other associated factors are described in the literature.

Resumen Introducción: los tumores primarios del canal anal diferentes a carcinomas son entidades poco frecuentes; dentro de estos, los linfomas del canal anal son extremadamente raros y generan un reto tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico para el coloproctólogo. Presentación de caso: se presenta a continuación un caso clínico de un paciente con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) positivo con proctalgia y sensación de masa a nivel perianal, se documentó por resonancia magnética un engrosamiento concéntrico de las paredes del recto inferior, con realización de colonoscopia y biopsias con histopatología compatible con linfoma plasmablástico, por lo que se realizó una colostomía derivativa y, posteriormente, se indicó por el servicio de hematología una quimioterapia con esquema EPOCH. Discusión: el linfoma de ano representa el 0,2 % de los tumores anorrectales, la mayoría de estos corresponde a linfomas no Hodgkin, y es aún más rara la enfermedad de Hodgkin a nivel anorrectal. La población con mayor riesgo de presentar esta entidad es los pacientes con VIH positivo, como el paciente descrito en el caso, aunque existen otros factores asociados descritos en la literatura.

Silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and esthetic perception: An in vitro pilot study.

PURPOSE: To assess if there was a perceptible difference in staining of restorations in silver diamine fluoride (SDF)-treated teeth, with or without the subsequent application of potassium iodide (KI). METHODS: 20 extracted teeth with frank cavitated carious lesions were prepared with a spoon excavator to remove superficial soft carious dentin and then randomly divided into two groups of 10. The control group was treated with 38% SDF and then restored with glass-ionomer. The experimental group received similar treatment, with the additional step of KI applied before restoration. All teeth were subjected to 500 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C, followed by storage in artificial saliva at 37°C for 30 days. Three blinded examiners evaluated all 20 teeth for intensity of staining on a scale from 0-5. Wilcoxon rank sum test compared average staining intensity between control and experimental groups of teeth as perceived by each examiner. RESULTS: No significant differences were found (P values: 0.93, 0.67, and 0.97). An aggregate comparison of staining perception between control and experimental groups by repeated measure analysis was done treating the outcome as Poisson distribution also finding no significant difference (P= 0.82). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The application of potassium iodide after silver diamine fluoride on caries-affected teeth may improve initial esthetic appearance, but after placement of a glass ionomer restoration, potassium iodide does not seem to result in any significant difference in staining.